Soft Mutation

Nasal Mutation

Mixed

Stop

Liquid

PLURALS

Mutation

Mutation

Mutation

words and prefixes

in

that trigger it:

Nasal mutation occurs after

words that

words that

words that

non-final

i, ab, am, athra-, ath-,

the article in, + the prepositions

trigger

trigger

probably

syllables:

adel, be, dad, di, go-,

dan and an…..and after the

mixed

stop

trigger

a > e

gwa-, na, nu, trî,

prep (pl) 'nin….(will act like "in")

mutation:

mutation:

liquid

e > e

ú-, u-

genitive

ed, ned, o

mutation:

i > i

The trick with nasal mutation

"en",

All 3 cause

or

o > e

is that it often changes the

and preps:

the next

and any

u > y

It also occurs in:

spelling of  "in, 'nin,  dan, and

ben, erin,

word to

other

y > y

1) adjectives following

an  …..AS WELL AS  the

nan, uin,

mutate the

preposition

au > oe

a noun 2) the second

spelling of the following word.

and 'nin

same. "O"

ending in

ae > ae

element of a com-

(singular)

keeps its

L or R

ai > ai

pound word  3) after

in = the (plural)

own form,

ei > ei

the negative adverb

dan = against

Only gen.

"ed + ned"

oe > oe

avo 4) in nouns that

an = for,to

"en" form

change the

ui > ui

are objects of verbs

'nin = to,for the (plural)

changes

same way

PLURALS

Basic C

Soft M ( I )

NM (IN)

NM (DAN)

NM (AN)

MM (EN)

SM(NED)

LM (OR)

B …..

I V

I M

DAM M

AM M

E-B

NE B

OR V

in final

BL …..

I VL

I ML

DA ML

A ML

E- ML

NE BL

OR VL

syllables:

BR …..

I VR

I MR

DA MR

A MR

E-MR

NE BR

OR VR

a (with 1 Consonant

C …..

I G

I CH

DA CH

A CH

E-G

NE CH

OR CH

following) > ai

CL …..

I GL

I CHL

DA CHL

A CHL

E-GL

NE CHL

OR CHL

a (with 2 or more Cs

CR …..

I GR

I CHR

DA CHR

A CHR

E-GR

NE CHR

OR CHR

following) > e

D …..

I DH

I N

DAN N

AN N

E-D

NE D

OR DH

e > i

DR …..

I DHR

IN DR

DAN DR

AN DR

EN-DR

NE DR

OR DHR

é > í

F …..

I F

I F

DAF F

AF F

EN-F

NE F *

OR F

ie > i

G …..

I '

I NG

DAN NG

AN NG

E-G

NE G

OR '

i > i

GL …..

I 'L

IN GL

DAN GL

AN GL

EN-GL

NE GL

OR 'L

o > y

GR …..

I 'R

IN GR

DAN GR

AN GR

EN-GR

NE GR

OR 'R

ó > ý

GW …..

I ' W

IN GW

DAN GW

AN GW

EN-GW

NE GW

OR ' W

io > y

H …..

I CH

I CH

DA CH

A CH

E-H

NE CH

OR CH

u > y

HW …..

I CHW

I ' W

DA ' W

A ' W

E-' W

NE W

OR CHW

ú(û) > ui

L …..

I L

I L

DAL L

AL L

E-L

NED L

OR L

y > y

LH …..

I THL

I 'L

DAL 'L

AL 'L

E-'L

NE THL

OR 'L

ý > ý

M …..

I V

I M

DAM M

AM M

E-M

NE M

OR V

au > oe

N …..

I N

I N

DAN N

AN N

EN-N

NE N

OR N

ae > ae

P …..

I B

I PH

DA PH

A PH

E-B

NE PH

OR PH

ai > ai

PR …..

I BR

I PHR

DA PHR

A PHR

E-MR

NE PHR

OR PHR

ei > ei

R …..

I R

IDH R

DADH R

ADH R

EDH-R

NED R

OR R

oe > oe

RH …..

I THR

IDH 'R

DADH 'R

ADH 'R

E-'R

NE THR

OR 'R

ui > ui

S …..

I H

I S

DAS S

AS S

E-H

NES S

OR S

T …..

I D

I TH

DA TH

A TH

E-D

NE TH

OR TH

* using

TH …..

I TH

I TH

DATH TH

ATH TH

E-TH

NETH TH

OR TH

"ED",

TR …..

I DR

I THR

DA THR

A THR

EN-DR

NE THR

OR THR

ED + F >

SPECIAL CASES B, D, G DERIVED FROM PRIMITIVE NASALIZED STOPS MB, ND, NG

EF F

B …..

I M

I MB

DAM MB

AM MB

E-MB

NE MB

OR B

under

D …..

I N

I ND

DAN ND

AN ND

E-ND

NE ND

OR D

stop

G …..

I NG

IN G

DAN G

AN G

EN-G

NEN G

OR G

mutation

ab = after, behind, following, later

athra- = across

ned = in

o = from

ben = according to the, in the

di = under, beneath

dad = down

or = above, over

ath- = on both sides, across

go- (gwa-) = together

erin = on the

nu = under

be = according to, as, like

ed = out of, forth

nan = to the

ú- (u-) = no, not

adel = behind, in the rear of

i = the

'nin = to/for the

am = up, upwards, upon

na = to, towards, at, of, with, by

en = of the

trî = through

uin = from the, of the