Illumination

Lamps of the Valar – two great lamps, Ormal [‘or-mahl] and Illuin [‘ill-loo-een] set on pillars to illuminate the world; made by Aulë; destroyed by Morgoth; their destruction caused the first marring of the shape of Arda.

Silmarils [‘sil-mah-rills] – three jewels made by Fëanor in Valinor; unbreakable crystals containing the blended light of the Two Trees; stolen by Morgoth who took them to Middle-earth and set them in his iron crown, starting the War of the Jewels; one was taken from Morgoth by Beren and Lúthien; later on it traversed the sky on Eärendil’s brow as a star most beloved by Elves; after the defeat of Morgoth, the remaining two silmarils ended in the sea and in the depths of the earth.
Also called: The Great Jewels; Jewels of Fëanor
You know them from: Aragorn’s Lay of Lúthien sung on Weathertop, Bilbo’s tale of Eärendil (FotR); Sam mentions Beren’s quest for the Silmaril in his talk of never-ending tales (TTT).

Sun and Moon (Anar and Isil) [‘ah-nahr, ‘ih-sil] – the last fruit (Sun) and the last flower (Moon) of the Two Trees of Valinor in vessels; they traverse the skies each guided by a Maia; the female Maia Arien steers the Sun, and the male Maia Tilion steers the Moon.

Jewellery & armour

Nauglamír [‘now-glah-mere] – large gold necklace set with jewels of Valinor; made by Dwarves for the Elven king Finrod Felagund of Nargothrond; came into the hands of Thingol king of Doriath after the Fall of Nargothrond, who had Beren and Lúthien’s Silmaril set in it; the jewel in the necklace caused Thingol’s death and a long strife between Dwarves and Elves, and also the Second and Third Kinslayings; the Silmaril from the necklace eventually ended in the air with Eärendil.
Also called: The necklace of the Dwarves.

Dragon Helm of Dor-Lómin – war helm with a golden crest shaped like the head of Glaurung the dragon; made by Dwarves; passed as a gift to Elves and then to Men of the House of Hador in the land Dor-Lómin where it was handed down father to son as a mighty heirloom; its most famous wearer was Túrin Turambar who chose one of his names after it (Gorthol- “Dread Helm”).
Also called: Helm of Hador.

Ring of Barahir – ring in the image of two interentwined serpents with emerald eyes and a golden crown; originally belonged to Finrod Felagund king of Nargothrond, who gave it to the Man Barahir, father of Beren, for saving his life in battle; it became an heirloom of Barahir’s descendants through Elendil to Aragorn. Its most famous wearers were Beren and Aragorn.
You know it from: Aragorn wore it in the Third Age, receiving it from Elrond along with other heirlooms of his house; later it was given as betrothal gift to Arwen.

The Rings of Power– forged by Celebrimbor and other elven smiths in Eregion (Hollin) in the Second Age; Sauron in fair disguise assisted with the making of the Nine and the Seven, which he later seized when Eregion was destroyed. They were:
~ The Three (Nenya, Narya, Vilya) – the most powerful of the Rings save the One; Sauron never touched them.
~ The Seven – given to the Dwarf kings by Sauron.
~ The Nine – given to Men by Sauron.

Miscellaneous

Palantíri [pah-lahn-‘tee-rih] – seven crystal Seeing Stones; able to show things far away, but guiding them to show what the wielder wishes to see requires a strong will; made by Fëanor in Valinor; given as a gift to Númenoreans and taken to Middle-earth by Elendil after the drowning of Númenor.
You know them from: the LotR series (four of them resided with Sauron, Denethor, Saruman and in the Tower Hills, the remaining three were lost); Gandalf speaks of their history as he rides to Minas Tirith (TTT).

Vingilot [‘vihn-gih-lawt] (“Foam-flower”) – the white ship of Eärendil in which he sailed to Valinor; he traverses the sky in it with a Silmaril, as is hailed as such as a star.
You know it from: Bilbo sings of its making and fate in his song of Eärendil. (FotR)

Also around in the Second Age were: the Stone of Erech near the Paths of the Dead, and the Sceptre of Annúminas – an heirloom of Isildur’s house; both come from Númenor.

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