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Regarding the Uruk-hai, I am of the opinion that they were not the result of cross-breeding.

they attribute their resistance to the Sun

and other superior traits to training, scorning the Northerners as "half-trained".

And in HoMe X: Morgoth's Ring, Myths Transformed, Tolkien talks about Saruman's mixing of Orcs and Men, but a word that it noticeably absent is "Uruk-hai".

though they fought desperately they were driven from the Fords along the line of the Isen with the Uruks in pursuit.

As soon as the enemy had gained possession of the eastern end of the Fords there appeared a company of men or Orc-men (evidently dispatched for the purpose)....

PB 29 12 05 I've given trying to figure what the original Orcs were bred from but I'm sure that by the Third Age they contained the ''blood'', along with whatever they used as original stock, of both men and Elves. I also see a parallel between the different types of Orcs( tall strong fighters, short tracking' sniffers ec.) and the way we bred different types of dogs from the original wolvish stock.

Though orcs were bred by Melkor, Saruman, and Sauron, they didn't all remain in their service. In the Third Age, the 'Capital' or headquarters for the Orcs could be considered to be in Mount Gundabad, which they stole from the Dwarves ( part of the reason the dwarves hate the Orcs so much). I think that those Orcs lived pretty much indepent of the ' controlling wizards' etc. They probably raised their families there mainly, with possibly a second independent colony set up in Moria. (Sauron and Saruman each likely had their own subservient colonies also.) Just as wild dogs tend to breed back to a typical size and shape, these orcs were probably unspecialized and resembled the original Orc stock.

I don't have any of the books here with me( Starbucks) but I also recall reading that the Orcs, Trolls and other evil minions were less eager to follow their orders when the 'bosses weren't around to watch them. That was made obvious with the rebellion in the two groups of Orcs that carried Merry and Pippin, the Orcs that captured frod, and the team that tracked Frod and Sam briefly in Mordor( until one shot the other)

[...]Those who believe that the Orcs were bred from kind of Men, captured and perverted by Melkor, assert that it was impossible for the Quendi to have known of Orcs before the Separation and the departure of the Eldar. For though the time of the awakening of Men is not known, even the calculations of the loremasters that place it earliest do not assign it a date long before the Great March began, certainly not long enough before it to allow for the corruption of Men into Orcs.

[...]But though Men may take comfort in this, the theory remains nonetheless the most probable. In accords with all that is known of Melkor, and of the nature and behavior of Orcs -- and of Men. Melkor was impotent to produce any living thing, but skilled in the corruption of things that did not proceed from himself, if he could dominate them. But if he had indeed attempted to make creatures of his own in imitation or mockery of the Incarnates, he would, like Aule, only have succeeded in producing puppets: his creatures would have acted only while the attention of his will was upon them, and they would have shown no reluctance to execute any command of his, even if it were to destroy themselves.

[...][Christopher notes:] This then, as it may appear, was my father's final view of the question: Orcs were bred from Men, and if 'the conception in mind of the Orcs may go far back into the night of Melkor's thought' it was Sauron who, during the ages of Melkor's captivity in Aman, brought into being the black armies that were available to his Master when he returned.